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Views: 1 Author: Wang Publish Time: 2024-11-20 Origin: Site
Hastelloy B3 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with excellent resistance to pitting, corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking plus, thermal stability superior to that of alloy B2. In addition, this nickel steel alloy has great resistance to knife-line and heat–affected zone attack. Alloy B3 also withstands sulfuric, acetic, formic and phosphoric acids, and other non-oxidizing media. Furthermore, this nickel alloy has excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Hastelloy B3’s distinguishing feature is its ability to maintain excellent ductility during transient exposures to intermediate temperatures. Such exposures are routinely experienced during heat treatments associated with fabrication.
The improved thermal stability of alloy B3 minimizes the problems associated with fabrication of B2 alloy components. This is due to the reduced tendency to precipitate deleterious intermetallic phases in alloy B3, thereby, affording it greater ductility than B2 alloy during and following various thermal cycling conditions. B3 has good overall forming and welding characteristics. It may be forged or otherwise hot-worked, providing that it is held at 2250°F. (1230°C) for a time sufficient to bring the entire piece to temperature. Since it is a low carbon alloy, the use of lower hot finishing temperatures may be necessary to achieve grain size control. B3 may also be formed by cold working. Although it does work-harden somewhat rapidly, B3 components can be made using all common cold forming techniques. Limited tests in boiling 20 percent hydrochloric acid indicate that the uniform corrosion resistance of B3 alloy is not affected by cold reductions up to 50 percent as compared to that of the alloy in the solution heat-treated condition.
Hastelloy B3 alloy (UNS N10675) exhibits extremely high resistance to pure hydrochloric, hydrobromic, and sulfuric acids. Alloy B3 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizing environments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of ferric or cupric salts because they may cause rapid premature corrosion failure. These salts may develop when hydrochloric acid comes in contact with iron and copper. Therefore, if this nickel steel alloy is used in conjunction with iron or copper piping in a system containing hydrochloric acid, the presence of these salts could cause the alloy to fail prematurely.
The Chemical Compostition of Hastelloy B3, % | |
Nickel | ≥65 |
Molybdenum | 28.5 |
Chromium | 1.5 |
Iron | 1.5 |
Tungsten | ≤3 |
Manganese | ≤3 |
Cobalt | ≤3 |
Aluminum | ≤0.5 |
Titanium | ≤0.2 |
Silicon | ≤0.1 |
Carbon | ≤0.01 |
Niobium | ≤0.2 |
Vanadium | ≤0.2 |
Copper | ≤0.2 |
Tantalum | ≤0.2 |
Zirconium | ≤0.01 |
Alloy B3 is excellent towards pitting and corrosion resistance, has a better plus thermal stability than B2 Grade with stress corrosion and cracking resistance. A perfect reducing agent with resistance across all concentrations and temperatures. Suitable to acetic applications, in addition the alloy is heat effected zone and resistant to knife-line attack, only with oxidizing agents like iron – copper salts the resistance can reduce. To summarise Hastelloy B3 has a long term durability without corrosion resistance, its unique features to corrosion resistance is the key reason for usage in oil and gas Industry.
The metals resistance and strength is important, it also tell about the durability of the Metal, which tells the costing and its usage, strength and durability is the essence to the wear and tear of the material. The Metals impact strength means how much it can absorb during combating fracture and cracking. Hastelloy B3 Forging and heat treatment is a process to boost its strength. This improves the mechanical properties. Relating to production, like tempering – annealing such promotes elasticity and lower material hardness. This helps the final products for cracks and porosity. Hastelloy B3 excellent resistant to corrosion, promoting durability.
In non-magnetic metals, an important distinction is to choose the ideal metal for application, Ferromagnetic alloys is iron content hence magnetised. Non Magnetic metals like B3 repel magnets. Hastelloy B3 is nonmagnetic gives it several pros over magnetic alloys, its includes improved weldability, corrosion resistance and higher tensile strength with higher tensile strength, lighter than other magnetic metal, promoting straight forward lift and transport.
Machinability is the focal point for metals in shear stress, horsepower and energy, alloys having higher specific powers or pressure have difficult processes for machining, resulting in extra time and energy to machine. Alloy B3 needs little energy to cut, with no wear on the trolling, leaving a fine finish, with lesser time to finish. The required drilling speed ranges from 3 to 15 meters per minute and 15 to 61 meters per minute for cutting speed.
Weldability is the feasibility in joining metals, by which many thermoplastics can be weld. Although some are complex hence weldability determine the weld process easing the quality of the finish product. It is not easy to differentiate weldability but metals can be differentiated. Hastelloy B3 goes best with Tungsten Arc, Gas Metal Arc and shielded metal Arc welding process. However it is vital to match other metals, such as solid wires and coated electrodes. Moderate reductions, frequently re-heating, annealing, cold forming can help welding processes, checking on spinning, punching, shearing, hammering is needed to enhance welding, besides, frequent anneal is critical for reducing corrosion.
Thermal expansion indicates how the metal can be elongate at one degree Celsius. Hence coefficient ration is crucial since it determines crystals thermal stability (Thermal shock resistance). It is critical to check thermal shock resistance characteristics before you close on a metal for its works. Hastelloy B3 has good corrosion thermal, knife cutting resistance that increases durability and strength.
Reactors and Equipment: Hastelloy B3 plates are widely used in reactors, vessels, and other equipment exposed to highly corrosive substances like hydrochloric acid.
Heat Exchangers: The alloy’s resistance to corrosive environments makes it ideal for heat exchangers where harsh chemicals are processed.
Flue Gas Desulfurization: Hastelloy B3 is utilized in flue gas desulfurization systems, where it withstands the corrosive effects of acidic gases and slurries.
Waste Treatment: The alloy is used in equipment for handling and treating industrial waste, where it resists corrosion from harsh chemicals.
Seawater Applications: Hastelloy B3 plates are employed in marine environments, including seawater cooling systems and desalination equipment, where it is crucial to be resistant to corrosion and high temperatures.
Offshore Structures: The alloy’s durability makes it suitable for use in offshore platforms and subsea equipment, ensuring reliability in challenging marine conditions.
Downhole Equipment: In the oil and gas industry, Hastelloy B3 is used for downhole equipment that encounters corrosive fluids and gases, providing long-term performance in harsh environments.
Refinery Components: The alloy is also used in refining processes where it must endure aggressive chemicals and high temperatures.
Process Vessels: Hastelloy B3 plates are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing for process vessels that handle corrosive chemicals and need to maintain strict hygiene and safety standards.
Sterilization Equipment: The alloy’s resistance to corrosive sterilants makes it suitable for equipment used in the sterilization process.
