Views: 11 Author: Wang Publish Time: 2023-12-27 Origin: Site
Alloy 400 is a nickel-copper solid solution strengthened alloy, can be hardened by cold working. The product promotes attractive performance characteristics, including good weldability and high strength and retains its properties at sub-zero temperatures. The material is also suitable for use in high-temperature environments up to 1000° F. Resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. Corrosion rates are low, particularly in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater. This alloy is more resistant to nickel under reducing conditions and more resistant than copper under oxidizing conditions, it does show however better resistance to reducing media than oxidizing. It also gives a strong resistance performance in areas of reducing environments and chloride ion stress cracking.
Monel 400 is characterized by good general corrosion resistance, good weldability and moderate to high strength. This nickel-copper alloy can cope brilliantly with alkaline, salts and hydrofluoric acid. Good resistance to sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids. Aeration however will result in increased corrosion rates. May be used to handle hydrochloric acid, but the presence of oxidizing salts will greatly accelerate corrosive attack.Resistance to neutral, alkaline and acid salts is shown, but poor resistance is found with oxidizing acid salts such as ferric chloride.
Monel 400 is a binary alloy of nickel and copper (with trace amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon). This alloy exhibits high strength, high resistance to acidic and alkaline environments, and good ductility and thermal conductivity. Monel 400 is suitable for use in temps from subzero to 1,000°F (538°C). It can be hardened only by cold-working. Alloy 400 Plate is a relatively soft material that is receptive to hot forming into almost any shape. The range of hot forming temperatures is 1200 – 2150°F (649 – 1177°C). For heavy reductions the recommended temperature range is 1700 – 2150°F (927 – 1177°C). Light reductions are possible with temperatures as low as 1200°F (649°C). Working at lower temperatures will result in higher mechanical properties and smaller grain size.
In terms of its mechanical properties, the yield strength of UNS N04400 ranges between 172 MPa - 345 MPa, while its tensile strength is around 517 MPa - 620 MPa. The melting point of monel 400 ranges between 1300–1350 °C, and in an annealed state, its Rockwell hardness is valued at 65. While this alloy exhibits good tensile strength and hardness characteristics even at subzero temperatures, the impact resistance of Werkstoff Nr. 2.4360 undergoes a very minor change when the alloy has been cooled to the temperature of liquid hydrogen or liquid helium.
The high-strength components of the Monel 400 Plate show excellent resistance against chloride stress corrosion cracking due to the presence of molybdenum. Designed to withstand temperatures up to 800 degrees F the Monel 400 Steel Plate is seen in use in seawater applications and steam components at high temperatures. The grade of items within the Monel Alloy 400 Plate shows enhanced resistance across caustic solutions.
Steel plate processing refers to the multiple methods used to transform raw steel plates to client specifications. Anything from bridges and buildings to heavy machinery equipment all had to go through steel plate processing at one point in time. Steel plates come in a variety of different sizes, thicknesses, and grades, and must follow specific guidelines to meet manufacturing requirements such as specific properties, dimensions, and finishes.
Rolling: rolling the cast steel to a specified plate thickness, The 4-high reversible finishing mill with the maximum load of 7000 tons minimizes internal defects even in extremely thick plates. Automatic gauge control and shape control systems can reduce not only the thickness deviation of plates but also improve the flatness.
Cooling the steel by direct quenching or accelerated cooling: The PILAC (POSCO In-line Accelerated Cooling) system enables the production of high strength steel without heat treatment through rolling and accelerated cooling. Using the mist cooling method with suction type, the PILAC system has a high cooling capacity and is able to maintain a uniform temperature gradient in the widthwise direction. This leads to a reduction of plate quality deviation.
Tempering: tempering the steel, using a heating apparatus installed directly connecting the manufacturing line containing a rolling mill and a direct-quenching apparatus or an accelerated cooling apparatus, to a maximum ultimate temperature of 520°C or above at the plate thickness center portion at an average temperature-rising rate of smaller than 1°C/s at the plate thickness center portion between a tempering-start temperature and 460°C, and at an average temperature-rising rate of 1°C/s or larger at the plate thickness center portion up to a specified tempering temperature between 460°C and the Ac1 transformation point.
Cutting: The process of cutting a steel plate into smaller parts or shapes using high-tech computer technology. The most common methods of cutting steel plates are flame cutting and plasma cutting. Flame cutting uses a torch that burns the steel, while plasma cutting uses a high-temperature plasma arc to cut through the metal.
Steel plate is a material often used to create metal products. Manufactured to different thicknesses and widths, steel plate is cut and welded together to create a final product. There are different types of plate, such as stainless and high-carbon steel plate. Some types of plate steel are used in the construction of buildings while others are used in the creation of everyday items, such as wood furnaces, and not so everyday items, such as ship hulls. Steel plate is often referred to as flat steel.
Steel is one of the most common types of metal and is produced in many different alloys and forms to suit all manner of needs. From stainless steel that is used for kitchen appliances to steel beams that are used in construction, it’s one of the most useful types of metal and can be found almost everywhere.Steel plate is essentially a steel sheet, but it is thicker. Due to the increased thickness, steel plate is more durable and is used in more intense applications. Steel plates can sometimes be finished in a specific way, such as to form tread plates that have a ridged top for added grip. The difference between steel sheets and steel plates is the thickness. Steel sheets are widely regarded as being between 0.5mm and 6mm. If the sheet is thinner than 0.5mm, it is considered a foil, and if the sheet exceeds 6mm in thickness, it becomes a plate. There are other measurements that can be used to measure steel sheets and plates, including gauge, though this is more commonly referenced in manufacturing and industrial applications.
1. Construction
Steel plates play a versatile role in the construction industry. They’re particularly common in the construction of bridges, building, and warehouses. They’re also used for building large commercial structures like airports and sports arenas. Steel plates are used to help make building foundations stronger and to provide foundational support to bridges. They’re also an essential component of most pre-fabricated homes, including the new, trendy “tiny houses.”
2. Ship construction
Easily welded and ultra-strong, steel plates are used in a significant number of ships and are probably one of the most commonly used materials in ship building. They’re also a key component of many oil rigs and in offshore construction.
3. Pressure vessels
Pressure vessels like gas tanks and boilers, which need to protect against leaks and extreme temperatures, are frequently made of steel plates. Oftentimes, these steel plates are specifically engineered to be able to hold gas or fluid contents at different temperatures to reduce the risk of explosion.
4. Shipping
Large shipping containers are commonly built using steel plates. Steel plates help preserve the life of these shipping containers due to their corrosion and rust resistance, and they are strong enough to protect all different types of cargo.
5. Oil and gas
In addition to being used for construction of rigs, many oil and gas pipelines use steel plates to maximize their strength and ensure they last longer without corroding. Steel plates can easily be welded to suit the needs of pipelines and can also be used for repair purposes when parts of pipelines need to be patched up.
6.Road Work
In addition to being used in almost every other area of construction, steel plates are also used for road work projects. Skid-resistant, steel road plates can be a viable and temporary fix to place over holes and other compromised areas of road to allow road traffic uninterrupted access to those areas during construction projects and road repair projects.