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Views: 1 Author: Wang Publish Time: 2025-04-07 Origin: Site
EN 1.4301 grade 304 Stainless Steel 18/8 (18% chromium 8% nickel) is the most widely used of all Stainless Steel types. Due to its composition, corrosion and heat resistance and its mechanical properties, grade 304 is used in all fields of industrial, commercial and domestic manufacturing. Stainless steel 304 is an austenitic grade that can be severely deep drawn. This property has resulted in 304 being the dominant grade used in applications like sinks and saucepans.
Stainless steel grade 1.4301/304 also corresponds to: S30400, 304S15, 304S16, 304S31 and EN58E. Stainless steel 304 has excellent corrosion resistance in may environments and when in contact with different corrosive media. Pitting and crevice corrosion can occur in environments containing chlorides. Stress corrosion cracking can occur above 60°C. 304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. However, continuous use at 425- 860°C is not recommended. 304 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Solution treatment or annealing can be done by rapid cooling after heating to 1010- 1120°C. Fabrication methods like forging, that involving hot working should occur after uniform heating to 1149-1260°C. The fabricated components should then be rapidly cooled to ensure maximum corrosion resistance.
Chromium:
Chromium plays an important role in defining the corrosion resistance of Grade 304 stainless steel. This element forms a passive layer of chromium oxide on the surface of the steel which blocks oxygen diffusion to the steel’s surface and thus, protects the iron form rusting. This addition of a minimum of 18% chromium is what makes grade 304 stainless steel the ideal choice for enduring environmental challenges. It offers long–lasting durability and reisitance against a multitude of corrosive agents.
Nickel:
Mixed with the alloy matrix, nickel increases the physical strength and ductility of SS 304 stainless steel. It also increases the resistance to oxidation at high temperatures and in corrosive environments, making it more resilient and versatile for use in high-temperature settings and for applications demanding robust structural integrity.
Iron:
Iron is the foundational component of Grade 304 stainless steel, supplemented by the other alloying elements mentioned above that significantly improve the overall structure and properties of the materials. The inherent strength and flexibility of iron contribute to the overall robustness and reliability of SS 304 material properties.
Carbon and Other Elements:
Though present in small amounts, carbon and other elements like manganese, silicon, and phosphorus play important roles. Carbon strengthens the alloy while maintaining formability, making SS 304 stainless steel especially valuable in forming operations. This controlled addition of these elements ensures optimal mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion.
C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | N | |
304 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 0.10 |
Fabrication of stainless steels 304 should be done only with tools dedicated to stainless steel materials. Tooling and work surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned before use. These precautions are necessary to avoid cross contamination of stainless steel by easily corroded metals that may discolour the surface of the fabricated product. 304 stainless steel readily work hardens. Fabrication methods involving cold working may require an intermediate annealing stage to alleviate work hardening and avoid tearing or cracking. At the completion of fabrication a full annealing operation should be employed to reduce internal stresses and optimise corrosion resistance.
304 has good machinability. Machining can be enhanced by using the following rules: Cutting edges must be kept sharp. Dull edges cause excess work hardening. Cuts should be light but deep enough to prevent work hardening by riding on the surface of the material. Chip breakers should be employed to assist in ensuring swarf remains clear of the work. Low thermal conductivity of austenitic alloys results in heat concentrating at the cutting edges. This means coolants and lubricants are necessary and must be used in large quantities.
Thickness | 0.2% Proof Stress | Tensile Strength | Elongation | Hardness | ||
Unit | MPa | MPa | % | HB (max) | ||
304 | Specification (min) | 205 | 520 | 40 | 202 | |
typical values | 0.3 - 3.5mm | 260 | 660 | 55 | 160 | |
3.6 - 6mm | 250 | 600 | 55 | 160 | ||
> 6mm | 240 | 580 | 55 | 155 | ||
Pipe, | Tube, | Tube, | Sheet/Plate | Bar /Rod | Forging /Flange | BW Fittings |
ASTM A312 | ASTM A269 | ASTM A213 | ASTM A240 | ASTM A276/A479 | ASTM A182 | ASTM A403 |
304 stainless steel is widely used in the food and beverage industry because it meets the strict hygiene standards required for food preparation and storage. It is commonly found in kitchen equipment such as sinks, counters, refrigeration units, and storage tanks. Its resistance to corrosion and ease of cleaning are key reasons it is favored for these applications.
Due to its strength, resistance to the elements, and aesthetic appeal, 304 stainless steel is a popular material for construction projects. It is used in building facades, staircases, handrails, and structural elements. Its sleek, modern look enhances the design of both residential and commercial buildings, while its durability ensures long-lasting performance.
304 stainless steel is commonly used in the production of medical devices and surgical instruments. Its non-reactive properties, along with its resistance to corrosion and ease of sterilization, make it an ideal choice for items such as surgical tools, dental equipment, and medical machinery.
In the automotive and transportation industries, 304 stainless steel is used in exhaust systems, chassis, fuel tanks, and other parts that are exposed to high temperatures and harsh environmental conditions. Its resistance to heat, oxidation, and corrosion ensures that these components perform reliably for many years.
304 stainless steel is extensively used in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing due to its resistance to acids and alkalis. It is commonly found in tanks, reactors, pipelines, and valves that come into contact with various chemicals during production processes.
Stainless steel 304 is used in a wide range of consumer products, including kitchenware (e.g., pots, pans, and utensils), appliances (e.g., refrigerators, dishwashers), and even jewelry. Its longevity and aesthetic qualities make it a preferred choice for high-end, durable products.
The properties of 304 stainless steel, such as its ability to withstand oxidation from high temperatures at 870°C and corrosion, help to extend its capabilities. This type of austenitic stainless steel is used for a variety of purposes, including in construction for creating frames, beams, and bridges, and for products found within the home, like pans, cutlery, and sinks.
Although heat treatments may not have the intended effect upon 304 stainless steels, the abilities of 304 stainless steel are still extensive and have many uses. If you are interested in learning more about 304 stainless steel, we, JN Alloy, invite you to visit our website. Begin with our article on what is 304 stainless steel. This details all the basics of this type of stainless steel.
From there, if you think this is the right steel alloy for you, you can consider our varying categories of 304 stainless steel, including 304L and 304H. Let us, JN Alloy, help you find a grade of stainless steel that will suit your product perfectly. With our help and expertise, your stainless steel structure will remain strong in any application. For more information about our products or to request a quote, please feel free to contact us.
